Mech Mecca: 09/01/2011

Einstein is the great scientist of the twentieth century and notable physicist of all time. It is told that he had learning disability in his childhood. He could not talk till he was three and could not read till he was eight. Despite such problems he later became the noble prize winner for his contribution to the Physics. His theory of relativity is considered as a revolutionary development of Physics. He got Noble Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the Photoelectric Effect and for his research in Theoretical physics.

Signature:

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose :

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first renowned Bengali scientist who had an important contribution in the invention of Radio and microwave optics. He was born in Mymensingh in Bengal which is the current Munshiganj District in

Bangladesh

. He studied in Hare school in Kolkata and then he got his B.A. in Science degree from Calcutta University. Then he went to

England

and got a B.A. degree from Cambridge University and a B.Sc. from London University. After coming back to the country he started teaching Physics in the Presidency College at Kolkata. In his teaching career he had to prove his quality and talent as he was the first Indian to teach Science at the college. In 1894 he started to research on Radio wave to make wireless communication equipments. At the same time

Italy

’s Marconi also was researching on this project. He first invented "iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector" and he is the first person to use a semiconductor junction to catch the radio waves. It is said that his work on millimeter wavelength made him 50 years ahead. Considering such things it is said that he was the real inventor of Radio but due to his less seriousness towards patent and the communication gap made Marconi to be regarded as the inventor of Radio.

After that he contributed in plant where he could make some vital theory of ascent of sap. In this research he showed that some living cells in the endodermis junction are the reason for the ascent of sap.

Stephen Hawking :

This famous scientist is considered as the greatest scientist of the twentieth century after Einstein. Haw king’s big bang theory andblack hole theory has turned the attention of the world. He is the professor of Mathematics of the University of Cambridge. Though he is now about to be paralyzed, he is teaching through a computer supported a machine by which his world are compiled. His physical illness could not make him stop form his research. His famous book is “A Brief History of Time”.

Sep 27, 2011

Vedios

Sep 26, 2011

Fuels

Fuel def : A material used to produce heat or power by burning.
or
something consumed to produce energy.

Types Of Fuels :

Sep 25, 2011

Turbines

Def of Turbine :
A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and water wheels.

Classification Of Turbines :
Turbines are classified in to may types, but they are mainly 2 types:
1)Impulse Turbines
2)Reaction Turbines

1)Impulse Turbines :
These turbines change the direction of flow of a high velocity fluid or gas jet. The resulting impulse spins the turbine and leaves the fluid flow with diminished kinetic energy. There is no pressure change of the fluid or gas in the turbine blades (the moving blades), as in the case of a steam or gas turbine, all the pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades (the nozzles).

Basic Principe:

The impulse turbine consists basically of a rotor mounted on a shaft that is free to rotate in a set of bearings.
The outer rim of the rotor carries a set of curved blades, and the whole assembly is enclosed in an airtight case.
Nozzles direct steam against the blades and turn the rotor.

2)Reaction Turbine :

These turbines develop torque by reacting to the gas or fluid's pressure or mass. The pressure of the gas or fluid changes as it passes through the turbine rotor blades. A pressure casement is needed to contain the working fluid as it acts on the turbine stage(s) or the turbine must be fully immersed in the fluid flow (such as with wind turbines). The casing contains and directs the working fluid and, for water turbines, maintains the suction imparted by the draft tube. Francis turbines and most steam turbines use this concept. For compressible working fluids, multiple turbine stages are usually used to harness the expanding gas efficiently. Newton's third law describes the transfer of energy for reaction turbines.

Basic Principle :
The ancient turbine built by Hero operated on the reaction principle.

Hero's turbine was invented long before Newton's time,but it was a working model of Newton's 3rd law of motion,

which states : "For every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction."

Sep 24, 2011

World's First

World's First Motorcycle (1885): Daimler's-riding car :

The First Motorcycle was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt (Stuttgart) in 1885. It was essentially a motorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). It was also the first petroleum-powered vehicle.

Worlds 1st Gasoline Fuel Propelled Car : (9mph 3 wheel)

The 1886 Benz, the world’s first gasoline-powered car.

German engineer Gottlieb Daimler and German inventor Wilhelm Maybach mounted a gasoline-powered engine onto a bicycle, creating a motorcycle, in 1885. Another German engineer, Karl Benz, produced his first gasoline car in 1886. In 1890 Daimler and Maybach started a successful car manufacturing company, The Daimler Motor Company, which eventually merged with Benz’s manufacturing firm in 1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The joint company makes cars today under the Mercedes-Benz nameplate.

World's First Self-Propelled Car :

Worlds's First Car With Internal Combustion Engine :

World’s First Digital Camera (1975): Created by Kodak's engineer Steve Sasson:

In December 1975, Kodak engineer Steve Sasson invented something that would, decades later, revolutionize photography: the world’s first digital camera. It was the size of a toaster, and captured black and white images at a resolution of 100×100 - or 0.01 megapixels in today’s marketing terminology. The images were stored on cassette tape, taking 23 seconds to write. The camera uses an ADC from Motorola, a bog-standard (for the 1970s) lens from a Kodak movie camera, and a CCD chip from Fairchild Semiconductor - the same technology that digital cameras still use today. To playback the images, a special computer and tape reader setup (pictured below) was built, outputting the grainy images on a standard TV. It took a further 23 seconds to read each image from tape.

World's First Magazine (1731): The Gentleman's Magazine:

The Gentleman's Magazine, first published in 1731, in London, is considered to have been the first magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine", on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, originally derived from the Arabic makazin "storehouses". It ceased publication in September, 1907.

World's First Microprocessor (1971): Intel 4004

In November, 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the world's first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (U.S. Patent #3,821,715), invented by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stan Mazor. After the invention of integrated circuits revolutionized computer design, the only place to go was down -- in size that is. The Intel 4004 chip took the integrated circuit down one step further by placing all the parts that made a computer think (i.e. central processing unit, memory, input and output controls) on one small chip. Programming intelligence into inanimate objects had now become possible.

World's First Concept Car (1938): Buick Y-Job

Designed in 1938 by the famous General Motors designer Harley Earl, the Buick Y-Job is considered by most to be the first concept car. The car had power-operated hidden headlamps, "gunsight" hood ornament, wraparound bumpers, flush door handles, and prefigured styling cues used by Buick until the 1950s.

Worlds First Airplane : Wright brothers

The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two Americans credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight,on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.

Oraville Wright Wilbur Wright

Sep 23, 2011

Automobile Pollution

What Is Automobile Pollution?

Internal combustion engines need a mixture of air and fuel to burn and produce energy to move the vehicle. It is these burnt gases which come out of the exhaust have the potential to cause pollution. In petrol engines the gases comprise of a mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).

It is a combination of these gases that which result in automobile pollution when they are in excess quantity. Within a certain range they are acceptable but when the engine is not tuned properly or a vehicle uses obsolete technology or the quality of fuel is not good then all these result in a higher level of emission of all the gases.

If the air fuel mixture ratio is not correct then it increases the chances of pollution as it leads to inefficient. Also it leads to reduced power and fuel wastage, which in turn means less efficient performance of the engine along with lower fuel economy.

Steps to check pollution :

In an effort to check automobile pollution in this country, the Government of India has made mandatory the use of unleaded petrol for the petrol fuelled engine.

But as an owner and user of automobile, we must all do our bit to not only control and reduce pollution but also get the best out of our vehicle.

Maintenance Tips to help you reduce pollution

1. Change engine oil at manufacturer recommended intervals or if the vehicle has been lying unused for a long period.

2. While changing lubricant, make sure you use the recommended brand and more importantly, the grade of oil example, 40SW 10. Never use the wrong grade of oil.

3. If it is a carburetted vehicle, clean and tune the carburettor and adjust the idling speed every 3000 kms.

4. Check and adjust tappet clearance.

5. Inspect spark-plug clearance, clean and adjust gap. Replace plugs if necessary.

6. Check the ignition timing and set as per the manufacturer recommendation.

7. Check tyre pressure regularly because low tyre pressure causes drag which increases fuel consumption.

8. If the vehicle has been parked unused for a long time, have the engine tuned and the engine oil replaced.

Some do's and don'ts :

1. Avoid unnecessary revving or idling of the engine, it not only increases your fuel consumption but also increases pollution.

2. Switch off the engine at red-lights, or where you are likely to stop for more than two minutes.

3. Try and drive around the speeds of 50-60 kmph in top gear.

4. Speeding increases fuel consumption and this in turn increases pollution.

Pages

Fast n Furious

Sep 30, 2011

10 Tips For Buying Digital Camera

1) Resolution is less important than you think

2) Zoom is more important than you think

3) Travelers should use cameras with AA Batteries

4) Small cameras get shots that big cameras don't

Sep 29, 2011

Batteries

Sep 28, 2011

Scientists